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Living Processes in Unicellular Organisms
Living Processes in Unicellular Organisms
2.2
Living Processes in Unicellular Organisms
Introduction
Unicellular organisms
are made up of only one cell.
Amoeba
sp.
Amoeba
sp. constantly changes its shape when it encounters obstacles
Amoeba
sp. moves by extending out its pseudopodium (false feet) and is followed by the flow of cytoplasm into the extended pseudopodium
Amoeba
sp. respond to stimuli such as chemicals, touch or bright light by moving away from the stimuli
Amoeba
sp. moves towards food by extending its pseudopodium to trap food particles by phagocytosis
The food vacuole is combined with lysosome
The food particles are hydrolysed by the enzyme lysozyme in the lysosomes
The nutrients are absorbed into the cytoplasm
Undigested food is discharged when the Amoeba sp. moves
Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases occur through the plasma membrane by simple diffusion on the surface of the cell
Ameoba
sp. grow by synthesising new cytoplasm
Waste such as carbon dioxide and ammonia are removed by diffusion
As
Amoeba
sp. live in freshwater environments, water will diffuse by osmosis and fill the contractile vacuole
When the vacuole expands to the maximum size, contraction occurs and water is excreted from time to time
This process is called osmoregulation
When the conditions are suitable and there is plenty of food, Amoeba sp. will reproduce via asexual reproduction that is binary fission through mitosis
However, when the environmental conditions are not suitable, such as dry conditions, low temperature and food shortage, the
Amoeba
sp. forms spores that will only germinate when the environment improves
Paramecium
sp.
Paramecium
sp. moves using rhythmic cilia beats
Paramecium
sp. respond to stimuli such as chemicals, touch or bright light by moving away from the stimuli
Paramecium
sp. the presence of cilium beat helps transfer food particles into the oral groove
The food vacuole is combined with lysosome
The food particles are hydrolysed by the enzyme lysozyme in the lysosomes
The nutrients are absorbed into the cytoplasm
Undigested food in the Paramecium sp. is discharged through the anus
Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases occur through the plasma membrane by simple diffusion on the surface of the cell
Paramecium
sp. grow by synthesising new cytoplasm
Waste such as carbon dioxide and ammonia are removed by diffusion
As
Paramecium
sp. live in freshwater environments, water will diffuse by osmosis and fill the contractile vacuole
When the vacuole expands to the maximum size, contraction occurs and water is excreted from time to time
This process is called osmoregulation
When the conditions are suitable and there is plenty of food,
Paramecium
sp. will reproduce via asexual reproduction that is binary fission through mitosis
However, when the environmental conditions are not suitable, such as dry conditions, low temperature and food shortage, for
Paramecium
sp., sexual reproduction, that is conjugation occurs when environmental conditions are not suitable
Living Processes in Unicellular Organisms
2.2
Living Processes in Unicellular Organisms
Introduction
Unicellular organisms
are made up of only one cell.
Amoeba
sp.
Amoeba
sp. constantly changes its shape when it encounters obstacles
Amoeba
sp. moves by extending out its pseudopodium (false feet) and is followed by the flow of cytoplasm into the extended pseudopodium
Amoeba
sp. respond to stimuli such as chemicals, touch or bright light by moving away from the stimuli
Amoeba
sp. moves towards food by extending its pseudopodium to trap food particles by phagocytosis
The food vacuole is combined with lysosome
The food particles are hydrolysed by the enzyme lysozyme in the lysosomes
The nutrients are absorbed into the cytoplasm
Undigested food is discharged when the Amoeba sp. moves
Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases occur through the plasma membrane by simple diffusion on the surface of the cell
Ameoba
sp. grow by synthesising new cytoplasm
Waste such as carbon dioxide and ammonia are removed by diffusion
As
Amoeba
sp. live in freshwater environments, water will diffuse by osmosis and fill the contractile vacuole
When the vacuole expands to the maximum size, contraction occurs and water is excreted from time to time
This process is called osmoregulation
When the conditions are suitable and there is plenty of food, Amoeba sp. will reproduce via asexual reproduction that is binary fission through mitosis
However, when the environmental conditions are not suitable, such as dry conditions, low temperature and food shortage, the
Amoeba
sp. forms spores that will only germinate when the environment improves
Paramecium
sp.
Paramecium
sp. moves using rhythmic cilia beats
Paramecium
sp. respond to stimuli such as chemicals, touch or bright light by moving away from the stimuli
Paramecium
sp. the presence of cilium beat helps transfer food particles into the oral groove
The food vacuole is combined with lysosome
The food particles are hydrolysed by the enzyme lysozyme in the lysosomes
The nutrients are absorbed into the cytoplasm
Undigested food in the Paramecium sp. is discharged through the anus
Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases occur through the plasma membrane by simple diffusion on the surface of the cell
Paramecium
sp. grow by synthesising new cytoplasm
Waste such as carbon dioxide and ammonia are removed by diffusion
As
Paramecium
sp. live in freshwater environments, water will diffuse by osmosis and fill the contractile vacuole
When the vacuole expands to the maximum size, contraction occurs and water is excreted from time to time
This process is called osmoregulation
When the conditions are suitable and there is plenty of food,
Paramecium
sp. will reproduce via asexual reproduction that is binary fission through mitosis
However, when the environmental conditions are not suitable, such as dry conditions, low temperature and food shortage, for
Paramecium
sp., sexual reproduction, that is conjugation occurs when environmental conditions are not suitable
Chapter : Cell Biology and Cell Organisation
Topic : Living Processes in Unicellular Organisms
Form 4
Biology
View all notes for Biology Form 4
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Movement of Substances Across a Plasma Membrane in Living Organisms
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