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Neurones and Synapse

 
12.3 Neurones and Synapse
 

Structures of a Neurone:

  • Neurones are cells in the nervous system that transmit nerve impulses
 

Sensory neurone:

  • Send nerve impulses from receptors to the brain and spinal cord

Relay neurone:

  • Connects sensory neurone to motor neurone
  • Transmit impulse between the brain and spinal cord

Motor neurone:

  • Carry information from the spinal cord or brain to the effectors
 

Synapse and transmission of information:

  • Electrical impulse reaches synaptic knob and approaches presynaptic membrane
  • Triggers synaptic vesicle to move towards the presynaptic membrane
  • The synaptic vesicle fuses with the presynaptic membrane
  • Neurotransmitters (chemical substances) stored in synaptic vesicles are released across the synaptic cleft
  • Neurotransmitters bind with specific protein receptors at the postsynaptic membrane
  • Generates new electrical signals/impulses
  • Impulses will move along postsynaptic neurone or effector
 

Synapse plays important roles in:

  • Controlling and integrating nerve impulses that are transmitted by stimulated receptors.
  • Allow nerve impulses to be transmitted only in one direction because:
    • Synaptic vesicles are only present at the synaptic terminal.
    • Receptors are only present at the postsynaptic membrane.
 

 

The views expressed in the notes here are those of the contributor and don’t necessarily represent the views of pandai.

Neurones and Synapse

 
12.3 Neurones and Synapse
 

Structures of a Neurone:

  • Neurones are cells in the nervous system that transmit nerve impulses
 

Sensory neurone:

  • Send nerve impulses from receptors to the brain and spinal cord

Relay neurone:

  • Connects sensory neurone to motor neurone
  • Transmit impulse between the brain and spinal cord

Motor neurone:

  • Carry information from the spinal cord or brain to the effectors
 

Synapse and transmission of information:

  • Electrical impulse reaches synaptic knob and approaches presynaptic membrane
  • Triggers synaptic vesicle to move towards the presynaptic membrane
  • The synaptic vesicle fuses with the presynaptic membrane
  • Neurotransmitters (chemical substances) stored in synaptic vesicles are released across the synaptic cleft
  • Neurotransmitters bind with specific protein receptors at the postsynaptic membrane
  • Generates new electrical signals/impulses
  • Impulses will move along postsynaptic neurone or effector
 

Synapse plays important roles in:

  • Controlling and integrating nerve impulses that are transmitted by stimulated receptors.
  • Allow nerve impulses to be transmitted only in one direction because:
    • Synaptic vesicles are only present at the synaptic terminal.
    • Receptors are only present at the postsynaptic membrane.
 

 

The views expressed in the notes here are those of the contributor and don’t necessarily represent the views of pandai.
Chapter : Coordination and Response in Humans
Topic : Explain the transmission of impulse across a synapse
Form 4 Biology
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