Humans have five sensory organs:

• Skin (touch)

• Nose (smell)

• Tongue (taste)

• Ears (hearing)

• Eyes (Sight)

The function of eyes:

• Focusing on objects near and far

• Produces continuous images that are sent directly to the brain

• As a sense of sight

The structure of eyes:

The function of each eyes structure:

The mechanism of vision:

• Light from an object enters the eye through the pupil

• Light is refracted by the cornea, aqueous humor, eye lens, and vitreous humor

• Inverted and small images are formed on the retina

• The retina produces nerve impulses and the optic nerve transmits them to the brain

• The brain translates impulses and produces upright images

The function of ears:

• To keep our balance and hearing

• As a sense of smell

The structure of ears:

The function of each ears structure:

The mechanism of hearing:

• Sound waves enter the ear canal

• The eardrum receives sound waves and vibrates

• The vibrations are amplified by the ossicle bone and transmitted to the oval window

• The oval windows vibrated

• The cochlea converts vibrations into impulses

• Impulses are carried by the auditory nerve to the brain

• The brain interprets it as sound

The function of the nose:

• Provides air for breathing

• Filters and cleans foreign debris during respiration

• As a sense of smell

The structure and mechanism of the nose:

The function of the tongue:

• As a digestive organ with ease of movement of food during chewing and swallowing

• As a sense of taste

The structure and mechanism of the tongue:

• The surface of the tongue is covered by taste buds that contain many taste receptors and are scattered on the surface of the tongue

• Taste receptors are sensitive to chemicals in food

• The tongue has 5 types of taste receptors, namely sweet, sour, bitter, and umami (savory taste).

The function of the skin:

• Protect us from microbes

• Allows sensations of touch, temperature, and pressure

• As a sense of touch

The structure of skin:

Skin sensitivity:

• The concentration of the skin depends on the number of receptors present and the thickness of the epidermis

• The more receptors, the more sensitive that part of the skin is

• The thinner the epidermis, the more sensitive the skin is to stimuli

• Blind people read Braille using their fingertips

• The sensory organs are interconnected with each other and can balance the human body on a single daily basis

The limit of sensory:

• Limits our sensory ability to detect a stimulus

• Caused by sensory organ defects or the aging process

The visual sensory limitations:

• The eye cannot detect an image that falls on a blind spot

• Human vision can also be affected due to farsightedness, nearsightedness, astigmatism, and presbyopia

The structure of the normal eye, farsightedness, and nearsightedness:

• Farsightedness cannot see distant objects clearly because light from the object is focused in front of the retina

• Requires a concave lens

• Nearsightedness cannot see near objects clearly because light from the object focuses behind the retina

• Requires a convex lens

The structure of the astigmatism eye:

• Images are blurred and unclear because light from objects is separated and focused at different points on the retina

• Requires a cylindrical lens or undergoes surgery

The structure of the presbyopia eye:

• Not being able to see distant objects and close objects clearly is common among the elderly

• Requires a dual focus lens to see near and far objects clearly

Hearing sensory limitations:

• Humans can only hear between 20Hz to 20,000Hz

• Deafness is caused by the ossicle bones joining together due to infection, the aging process or exposure to loud noise for a long period of time

• Only surgery or hearing aids can help deaf people

Technology to enhance the ability of sensory organs:

Humans have five sensory organs:

• Skin (touch)

• Nose (smell)

• Tongue (taste)

• Ears (hearing)

• Eyes (Sight)

The function of eyes:

• Focusing on objects near and far

• Produces continuous images that are sent directly to the brain

• As a sense of sight

The structure of eyes:

The function of each eyes structure:

The mechanism of vision:

• Light from an object enters the eye through the pupil

• Light is refracted by the cornea, aqueous humor, eye lens, and vitreous humor

• Inverted and small images are formed on the retina

• The retina produces nerve impulses and the optic nerve transmits them to the brain

• The brain translates impulses and produces upright images

The function of ears:

• To keep our balance and hearing

• As a sense of smell

The structure of ears:

The function of each ears structure:

The mechanism of hearing:

• Sound waves enter the ear canal

• The eardrum receives sound waves and vibrates

• The vibrations are amplified by the ossicle bone and transmitted to the oval window

• The oval windows vibrated

• The cochlea converts vibrations into impulses

• Impulses are carried by the auditory nerve to the brain

• The brain interprets it as sound

The function of the nose:

• Provides air for breathing

• Filters and cleans foreign debris during respiration

• As a sense of smell

The structure and mechanism of the nose:

The function of the tongue:

• As a digestive organ with ease of movement of food during chewing and swallowing

• As a sense of taste

The structure and mechanism of the tongue:

• The surface of the tongue is covered by taste buds that contain many taste receptors and are scattered on the surface of the tongue

• Taste receptors are sensitive to chemicals in food

• The tongue has 5 types of taste receptors, namely sweet, sour, bitter, and umami (savory taste).

The function of the skin:

• Protect us from microbes

• Allows sensations of touch, temperature, and pressure

• As a sense of touch

The structure of skin:

Skin sensitivity:

• The concentration of the skin depends on the number of receptors present and the thickness of the epidermis

• The more receptors, the more sensitive that part of the skin is

• The thinner the epidermis, the more sensitive the skin is to stimuli

• Blind people read Braille using their fingertips

• The sensory organs are interconnected with each other and can balance the human body on a single daily basis

The limit of sensory:

• Limits our sensory ability to detect a stimulus

• Caused by sensory organ defects or the aging process

The visual sensory limitations:

• The eye cannot detect an image that falls on a blind spot

• Human vision can also be affected due to farsightedness, nearsightedness, astigmatism, and presbyopia

The structure of the normal eye, farsightedness, and nearsightedness:

• Farsightedness cannot see distant objects clearly because light from the object is focused in front of the retina

• Requires a concave lens

• Nearsightedness cannot see near objects clearly because light from the object focuses behind the retina

• Requires a convex lens

The structure of the astigmatism eye:

• Images are blurred and unclear because light from objects is separated and focused at different points on the retina

• Requires a cylindrical lens or undergoes surgery

The structure of the presbyopia eye:

• Not being able to see distant objects and close objects clearly is common among the elderly

• Requires a dual focus lens to see near and far objects clearly

Hearing sensory limitations:

• Humans can only hear between 20Hz to 20,000Hz

• Deafness is caused by the ossicle bones joining together due to infection, the aging process or exposure to loud noise for a long period of time

• Only surgery or hearing aids can help deaf people

Technology to enhance the ability of sensory organs: