| 2.1 |
Human Respiratory System |
| Definition |
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The respiratory system is a respiratory system that involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases in the lungs
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The structure of the human respiratory system:
The function of each structure in the human respiratory system:
| Parts |
Structure
|
Function
|
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Nasal cavity
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The cavity consists of moist tissue and fine hairs
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Moisturizes the air that passes through it as well as traps dust in the air
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Trachea
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The outer wall is made up of cartilage rings, while the inner wall is made up of epithelial cells with cilia and cells that secrete mucus
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The cartilage ring prevents the trachea from perishing. Cilia and mucus help to trap dust and micro-organisms present in the air
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Bronchus
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Two branches of the trachea leading to the lungs
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The air continues to the left and right lungs
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Lungs
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Soft, like a sponge, as well as rich in blood vessels and alveoli
|
Where the gas exchange takes place
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Rib
|
Cage-shaped bones in the thoracic cavity
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Protects the lungs
|
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Diaphragm
|
Dome-shaped muscles when at rest
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Separate the piston cavity from the abdominal cavity
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Intercostal muscles
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Muscle tissue between two ribs. It is also known as skeletal muscle
|
Move the ribs
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The mechanisms of the human respiratory system:
The difference between inhalation and exhalation:
|
Inhalation
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Exhalation
|
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The outer intercostal muscles contract
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The outer intercostal muscles relax
|
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The ribs move up and out
|
Rib
moving down and in
|
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The diaphragm shrinks and flattens
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The diaphragm relaxes and curves upwards
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The volume of the thoracic cavity increases and the air pressure in the thoracic cavity decreases
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The volume of the thoracic cavity decreases and the air pressure in the thoracic cavity increases
|
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Air enters the lungs
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Air is exhaled from the lungs
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Oxygen content 21.0% and carbon dioxide 0.03%
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Oxygen content 16.4% and carbon dioxide
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The differences in oxygen and carbon dioxide content in certain parts:
|
Parts
|
Content
|
|
Oxygen
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Carbon dioxide
|
|
Alveolus
|
High
|
Low
|
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Pulmonary blood capillaries
|
Low
|
High
|
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Capillary tissue
|
High
|
Low
|
|
Body cells
|
Low
|
High
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