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Assimilation

9.4 Assimilation
 
This image provides an overview of assimilation, divided into five categories: Circulatory System: Blood vessels transport nutrients to the liver, and the lymphatic system carries fats into the bloodstream. Liver Functions: Processes nutrients, removes toxins, and stores excess nutrients such as glycogen. Assimilation in the Liver: Amino acids make proteins or are turned into urea if not needed. Glucose is stored as glycogen or converted to fats when there’s excess. Assimilation in Cells: Nutrients are used for growth, energy, and repair. Fats and glucose provide energy when needed. Energy Processes: Energy from glucose and fats fuels cellular activities such as protein synthesis and tissue repair.
 
The Role of The Circulatory System
  • The human circulatory system consists of the blood circulation system and the lymphatic system to help transport nutrients to be assimilated.
  • In the assimilation process that occurs in cells, nutrients are used to form complex compounds or structures of components.
  • The blood capillaries in the small intestine combine to form the hepatic portal vein that transports blood to the liver.
  • Lacteals combine to form bigger lymph vessels in the lymphatic system.
  • Then, the contents of the lymph vessels enter the thoracic duct that flows into the left subclavian vein.
  • This lipid is then transported by blood throughout the body.
 
Functions of Liver in The Assimilation of Digested Food
  • The liver is the regulator that controls the quantity of nutrients that enter the blood circulatory system.
  • The liver carries out the following functions.
Metabolism of Digested Food
  • Glucose is used for cellular respiration.
  • Amino acids are used for synthesising plasma proteins and enzymes.
  • Through the deamination process, excess amino acids are turned into urea to be excreted through the urine.
Detoxification
  • Liver cells expel toxic substances from the blood.
  • Toxic substances are expelled through the urine.
Storage of Nutrients
  • Excess glucose is converted to glycogen to be stored.
 
Assimilation Process in The Liver
Amino Acids
  • The liver synthesises plasma protein and enzymes from amino acids.
  • Excess amino acids cannot be stored in the body and are broken down through the deamination process to form urea which is then expelled.
  • When the glucose supply is insufficient, the liver converts amino acids into glucose.
Glucose
  • Glucose in the liver is used for cellular respiration when required by the body and the excess is converted to glycogen and stored in the liver.
  • When the glucose level in the blood decreases and the body needs energy, glycogen is converted to glucose.
  • When the glycogen supply reaches a maximum level, the excess glucose is converted to fats.
 
Assimilation Process in Cells
Amino Acids
  • Amino acids are used to synthesise new protoplasm and also repair damaged tissues.
  • Amino acids are used to synthesise hormones and enzymes.
Glucose
  • Glucose is oxidised through cellular respiration to release energy, water and carbon dioxide.
  • Excess glucose is kept as glycogen in muscles.
  • Energy is used for cell processes such as protein synthesis.
Lipids
  • Lipids such as phospholipid and cholesterol are the primary components that build the plasma membrane.
  • Excess fats are kept in adipose tissues found underneath the skin as stored energy.
  • Fat is oxidised to release energy when there is insufficient glucose.
The views expressed in the notes here are those of the contributor and don’t necessarily represent the views of Pandai.

Assimilation

9.4 Assimilation
 
This image provides an overview of assimilation, divided into five categories: Circulatory System: Blood vessels transport nutrients to the liver, and the lymphatic system carries fats into the bloodstream. Liver Functions: Processes nutrients, removes toxins, and stores excess nutrients such as glycogen. Assimilation in the Liver: Amino acids make proteins or are turned into urea if not needed. Glucose is stored as glycogen or converted to fats when there’s excess. Assimilation in Cells: Nutrients are used for growth, energy, and repair. Fats and glucose provide energy when needed. Energy Processes: Energy from glucose and fats fuels cellular activities such as protein synthesis and tissue repair.
 
The Role of The Circulatory System
  • The human circulatory system consists of the blood circulation system and the lymphatic system to help transport nutrients to be assimilated.
  • In the assimilation process that occurs in cells, nutrients are used to form complex compounds or structures of components.
  • The blood capillaries in the small intestine combine to form the hepatic portal vein that transports blood to the liver.
  • Lacteals combine to form bigger lymph vessels in the lymphatic system.
  • Then, the contents of the lymph vessels enter the thoracic duct that flows into the left subclavian vein.
  • This lipid is then transported by blood throughout the body.
 
Functions of Liver in The Assimilation of Digested Food
  • The liver is the regulator that controls the quantity of nutrients that enter the blood circulatory system.
  • The liver carries out the following functions.
Metabolism of Digested Food
  • Glucose is used for cellular respiration.
  • Amino acids are used for synthesising plasma proteins and enzymes.
  • Through the deamination process, excess amino acids are turned into urea to be excreted through the urine.
Detoxification
  • Liver cells expel toxic substances from the blood.
  • Toxic substances are expelled through the urine.
Storage of Nutrients
  • Excess glucose is converted to glycogen to be stored.
 
Assimilation Process in The Liver
Amino Acids
  • The liver synthesises plasma protein and enzymes from amino acids.
  • Excess amino acids cannot be stored in the body and are broken down through the deamination process to form urea which is then expelled.
  • When the glucose supply is insufficient, the liver converts amino acids into glucose.
Glucose
  • Glucose in the liver is used for cellular respiration when required by the body and the excess is converted to glycogen and stored in the liver.
  • When the glucose level in the blood decreases and the body needs energy, glycogen is converted to glucose.
  • When the glycogen supply reaches a maximum level, the excess glucose is converted to fats.
 
Assimilation Process in Cells
Amino Acids
  • Amino acids are used to synthesise new protoplasm and also repair damaged tissues.
  • Amino acids are used to synthesise hormones and enzymes.
Glucose
  • Glucose is oxidised through cellular respiration to release energy, water and carbon dioxide.
  • Excess glucose is kept as glycogen in muscles.
  • Energy is used for cell processes such as protein synthesis.
Lipids
  • Lipids such as phospholipid and cholesterol are the primary components that build the plasma membrane.
  • Excess fats are kept in adipose tissues found underneath the skin as stored energy.
  • Fat is oxidised to release energy when there is insufficient glucose.
The views expressed in the notes here are those of the contributor and don’t necessarily represent the views of Pandai.
Chapter : Nutrition and Digestive System of Humans
Topic : Discuss the functions of liver in assimilation of digested food: (i) metabolisms of digested food (carbohydrates and proteins), (ii) storage of nutrients, (iii) detoxification
Form 4 Biology
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