Mechanism of Blood Clotting

10.4 Mechanism of Blood Clotting
 
The Necessity for Blood Clotting Mechanism
  • Blood clotting will stop or minimise the loss of blood on the injured blood vessel.
  • Blood clotting also prevents microorganisms such as bacteria from entering the bloodstream through the damaged blood vessel.
  • The blood pressure is also maintained because excessive blood loss will lower blood pressure to a dangerous level.
 
Mechanism of Blood Clotting
  • Blood clotting involves a series of chemical reactions that takes place in the blood when someone is injured to prevent excessive bleeding.
  • The coagulated platelets, damaged cells and clotting factors in the blood plasma will form an activator (thrombokinase).
  • Thrombokinase, with the aid of calcium ions and vitamin K, converts prothrombin to thrombin.
  • Thrombin (active plasma protein that acts as an enzyme).
  • Thrombin catalyses the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.
  • Fibrin is a threadlike protein fibre that forms a network on the wound surface to trap erythrocytes and to close the wound to prevent blood loss.
 
 
Health Issues Related to Blood Clotting
Haemophilia
  • Haemophilia is an example of an illness that prevents blood from clotting.
  • Haemophilia is a hereditary illness caused by the lack of certain clotting factors in the blood.
  • Excessive bleeding due to small wounds or bruises can result in death.
Thrombosis
  • Formation of a blood clot (thrombus).
  • Thrombosis happens as a result of damage in blood vessels or sluggish blood flow that causes clotting factors to accumulate.
 Embolism
  • When a blood clot is transported by blood flow, the blood clot is called embolus.
  • If the embolus gets stuck in a tiny blood vessel, the blood flow will stop.

Mechanism of Blood Clotting

10.4 Mechanism of Blood Clotting
 
The Necessity for Blood Clotting Mechanism
  • Blood clotting will stop or minimise the loss of blood on the injured blood vessel.
  • Blood clotting also prevents microorganisms such as bacteria from entering the bloodstream through the damaged blood vessel.
  • The blood pressure is also maintained because excessive blood loss will lower blood pressure to a dangerous level.
 
Mechanism of Blood Clotting
  • Blood clotting involves a series of chemical reactions that takes place in the blood when someone is injured to prevent excessive bleeding.
  • The coagulated platelets, damaged cells and clotting factors in the blood plasma will form an activator (thrombokinase).
  • Thrombokinase, with the aid of calcium ions and vitamin K, converts prothrombin to thrombin.
  • Thrombin (active plasma protein that acts as an enzyme).
  • Thrombin catalyses the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.
  • Fibrin is a threadlike protein fibre that forms a network on the wound surface to trap erythrocytes and to close the wound to prevent blood loss.
 
 
Health Issues Related to Blood Clotting
Haemophilia
  • Haemophilia is an example of an illness that prevents blood from clotting.
  • Haemophilia is a hereditary illness caused by the lack of certain clotting factors in the blood.
  • Excessive bleeding due to small wounds or bruises can result in death.
Thrombosis
  • Formation of a blood clot (thrombus).
  • Thrombosis happens as a result of damage in blood vessels or sluggish blood flow that causes clotting factors to accumulate.
 Embolism
  • When a blood clot is transported by blood flow, the blood clot is called embolus.
  • If the embolus gets stuck in a tiny blood vessel, the blood flow will stop.
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