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| Microorganisms are living things that can be found around us. This chapter will explain more on the types of microorganisms, harmful effects of microorganisms and uses of microorganisms. |
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| 3.1 |
Life Processes of Microorganisms |
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| Microorganisms are living things that cannot be seen with the naked eye and can only be seen using a microscope and a magnifying glass. There are several types of microorganisms and these living things also carry out life processes like other living things. |
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Definition |
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Microorganisms are tiny living things that cannot be seen with the naked eyes |
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Microorganisms |
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Fungi
Examples: Yeast, mucor, penicillium, mould
Characteristics: Only mould can be seen with the naked eye, can be found on bread, rice and some types of fruits
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Protozoa
Examples: Ameoba, paramecium
Characteristics: The habitat of protozoa are ponds, lakes and rivers (live in places where there is water)
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Bacteria
Examples: Bacillus, salmonella, streptococcus, E.Coli
Characteristics: Exist in many shapes, sizes and colors, can be found in the air, soil, water, food and in the body of living or dead organisms
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Viruses
Examples: HIV, Influenza virus
Characteristics: The tiniest microorganisms. Viruses can only be seen under an electron microscope
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Algae
Examples: Spirogyra, phytoplankton
Characteristics: Have the charateristics of plants. Enable to make their own food through the process of photosynthesis
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| Life Process of Microorganisms |
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Breathing
- Microorganisms use oxygen to breathe and produce carbon dioxide
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Moving
- Microorganisms move in different ways
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Growing
- Microorganisms undergo a growing process
- Example: mold on bread
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Growth of Microbes
- The growth of microorganisms requires water, air, temperature, nutrients and acidity
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Useful and harmful microorganisms
- Some of the microorganisms are beneficial to living things and some are harmful to living things.
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| Microorganisms |
| Harmful Effects |
Explanation |
| Spoil food |
- Causes changes in texture, appearance, smell and taste
- Will experience food poisoning, diarrhea and pain if ingested spoilt food
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| Contagious diseases |
- Conjunctivitis
- Ringworm
- White spots
- Scabies
- Smallpox
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| Tooth decay |
- Bacteria that is found in the mouth acts on the bits of food by changing the sugar and starch in the food into acid
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| Food Poisoning |
- Bacteria will reproduce and produce toxin in the instestines
- Symptoms: diarrhea, vomiting, dizziness
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| Uses of Microorganisms |
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| Types of Microorganisms |
Uses |
| Bacteria |
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| Yeast |
- Fermented soybean
- Bread
- Fermented rice
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| Fungi |
- Production of antibiotics and vaccines
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| Bacteria dan fungi |
- Decomposition of organic substances
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Live healthily according to the knowledge of microorganisms
- Contagious diseases caused by the spread of microorganisms can be prevented by practicing healthy daily practices.
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Contagious diseases can be spreaded through:
- Food and drinks
- Sneezing and coughing
- Carrier animals such as flies and mosquitoes
- Touch
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Healthy daily routines include:
- Washing hands before eating and after coming out from the toilet
- Covering the mouth when sneezing or coughing
- The place where food is prepared must be in clean condition
- Drink boiled water and eat food that is cooked properly
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