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Standard Solution

 
6.6 Standard Solution
 
Definition of Standard Solution
Solution with known concentration.
 
Prosedur of Preparation of Standard Solution from A Solid
1. Determine the Mass of Solid Needed

\(n=\dfrac{MV}{1000}\)
2. Add some Distilled Water to the Solid Measured

This image shows a laboratory setup. On the left, there is a bottle labeled ‘Distilled water’ being poured into a beaker on the right. The beaker contains solid sodium carbonate, as indicated by the label. The background is light blue, and the setup is simple and clean.
3. Stir the Mixture with a Glass Rod until all of the Solid Dissolves in the Solution

The image shows a glass rod being stirred in a beaker filled with liquid. The beaker has measurement markings on the side. The background is light blue, and there is a label at the top indicating ‘Glass rod.’ The rod is depicted with arrows around it, suggesting a stirring motion.
4. Transfer the Solution into a Volumetric Flask using a Filter Funnel

The image shows a laboratory setup for filtration. It consists of a filter funnel placed on top of a volumetric flask. The filter funnel is used to separate solids from liquids. The volumetric flask, which is used for precise volume measurements, has a calibration mark indicating the exact volume level. The liquid is being filtered through the funnel into the flask.
5. Rinse the Filter Funnel with a Little Bit of Distilled Water
A bottle labeled ‘Distilled water’ is pouring water into a tall, narrow laboratory flask with a conical base. The background is light blue.
6. Add Distilled Water until the Meniscus of the Water Nearing the Calibration Mark

The image shows a laboratory setup where distilled water is being poured from a bottle into a tall, narrow container. The container has a funnel at the top to guide the water into it. The background is light blue, and there is a label pointing to the bottle indicating that it contains distilled water.
7. Use a Dropper to Add Distilled WaterSlowly until the Meniscus of the Water is Aligned Exactly at the Calibration Mark

The image shows a laboratory dropper releasing a drop of liquid into a conical flask. The dropper is labeled with a red tag that says ‘Dropper.’ The flask contains a blue liquid and is set against a light blue background with a subtle grid pattern.
8. Close the Volumetric Flask using aStopper and Shake the Flask until the Solution is Mixed Evenly

The image shows a laboratory flask filled with a blue liquid. The flask has a narrow neck and a wider base. There is a red stopper placed in the neck of the flask, and a label pointing to the stopper with the word ‘Stopper’ written on it. The background is light blue, and the image has a simple, cartoon-like style.
 
Preparation of Standard Solution Using the Dilution of Solution
  • During dilution, the added water will change the concentration of the solution but not change the number of moles of solute present in the solution. 
  • Formula:

\(\dfrac{M_1V_1}{1000}\)= \(\dfrac{M_2V_2}{1000}\)

 

\(M_1:\) Molarity of aqueous solution (stock solution) before dilution
\(V_1:\) Volume of aqueous solution (stock solution) before dilution 
\(M_2:\) Molarity of aqueous solution (prepared solution) after dilution
\(V_2:\) Volume of aqueous solution (prepared solution) after dilution 

 
 
The diagram shows PREPARATION OF A STANDARD SOLUTION BY DILUTING AQUEOUS. 1. Determine the volume of stock solution needed. 2. Take out the calculated, VI solution using pipette. 3. Transfer the solution VI into a volumetric flask. 4. Add distilled water until the meniscus of the water nearing the calibration mark. 5. Use a dropper to add distilled water slowly until the meniscus of the water is aligned exactly at the calibration mark.5. Close the volumetric flask using a stopper and shake the flask until the solution is mixed evenly.
 
Prosedur of Preparation of Standard Solution by Diluting Aqueous Solution
1. Determine the Volume of Stock Solution Needed

\(M_1V_1=M_2V_2\)
2. Take Out the Calculated, 𝑉1V1​ Solution using Pipette

This image shows a laboratory setup with a pipette and a beaker. The beaker contains a stock solution, which is a liquid marked by a label. The pipette is inserted into the beaker and is used to draw the stock solution. The image is labeled with ‘Pipette’ pointing to the pipette, ‘Beaker’ pointing to the beaker, and ‘Stock solution’ pointing to the liquid inside the beaker. The background is light blue, and the labels are in red boxes with white text.
3. Transfer the Solution 𝑉1V1​ into A Volumetric Flask

The image shows a volumetric flask filled with a blue liquid. The flask has a flat bottom and a long, narrow neck with a marked line indicating the specific volume. There is a label pointing to the flask that reads ‘Volumetric flask.’ The background is light blue.
4. Add Distilled Water until the Meniscus of the Water Nearing the Calibration Mark

The image shows a laboratory setup with a volumetric flask being filled with distilled water from a bottle. The volumetric flask has a narrow neck and a wide base, with a calibration mark indicating the precise volume. The bottle is tilted, pouring distilled water into the flask. The background is light blue, and there are labels pointing to the ‘Calibration mark’ and ‘Distilled water.’
5. Use A Dropper to Add Distilled Water Slowly until the Meniscus of the Water is Aligned Exactly at the Calibration Mark

The image shows a laboratory dropper releasing a droplet of liquid into a conical flask. The dropper is labeled with a red tag that says ‘Dropper.’ The conical flask is partially filled with a blue liquid. The background is light blue, and there are faint horizontal lines suggesting a notebook page.
6. Close the Volumetric Flask using A Stopper and Shake the Flask until the Solution is Mixed Evenly

The image shows a conical flask filled with a blue liquid. The flask is sealed with a red stopper, which is labeled with the word ‘Stopper.’ The background is light blue, and the image has a clean, cartoonish style.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The views expressed in the notes here are those of the contributor and don’t necessarily represent the views of pandai.

Standard Solution

 
6.6 Standard Solution
 
Definition of Standard Solution
Solution with known concentration.
 
Prosedur of Preparation of Standard Solution from A Solid
1. Determine the Mass of Solid Needed

\(n=\dfrac{MV}{1000}\)
2. Add some Distilled Water to the Solid Measured

This image shows a laboratory setup. On the left, there is a bottle labeled ‘Distilled water’ being poured into a beaker on the right. The beaker contains solid sodium carbonate, as indicated by the label. The background is light blue, and the setup is simple and clean.
3. Stir the Mixture with a Glass Rod until all of the Solid Dissolves in the Solution

The image shows a glass rod being stirred in a beaker filled with liquid. The beaker has measurement markings on the side. The background is light blue, and there is a label at the top indicating ‘Glass rod.’ The rod is depicted with arrows around it, suggesting a stirring motion.
4. Transfer the Solution into a Volumetric Flask using a Filter Funnel

The image shows a laboratory setup for filtration. It consists of a filter funnel placed on top of a volumetric flask. The filter funnel is used to separate solids from liquids. The volumetric flask, which is used for precise volume measurements, has a calibration mark indicating the exact volume level. The liquid is being filtered through the funnel into the flask.
5. Rinse the Filter Funnel with a Little Bit of Distilled Water
A bottle labeled ‘Distilled water’ is pouring water into a tall, narrow laboratory flask with a conical base. The background is light blue.
6. Add Distilled Water until the Meniscus of the Water Nearing the Calibration Mark

The image shows a laboratory setup where distilled water is being poured from a bottle into a tall, narrow container. The container has a funnel at the top to guide the water into it. The background is light blue, and there is a label pointing to the bottle indicating that it contains distilled water.
7. Use a Dropper to Add Distilled WaterSlowly until the Meniscus of the Water is Aligned Exactly at the Calibration Mark

The image shows a laboratory dropper releasing a drop of liquid into a conical flask. The dropper is labeled with a red tag that says ‘Dropper.’ The flask contains a blue liquid and is set against a light blue background with a subtle grid pattern.
8. Close the Volumetric Flask using aStopper and Shake the Flask until the Solution is Mixed Evenly

The image shows a laboratory flask filled with a blue liquid. The flask has a narrow neck and a wider base. There is a red stopper placed in the neck of the flask, and a label pointing to the stopper with the word ‘Stopper’ written on it. The background is light blue, and the image has a simple, cartoon-like style.
 
Preparation of Standard Solution Using the Dilution of Solution
  • During dilution, the added water will change the concentration of the solution but not change the number of moles of solute present in the solution. 
  • Formula:

\(\dfrac{M_1V_1}{1000}\)= \(\dfrac{M_2V_2}{1000}\)

 

\(M_1:\) Molarity of aqueous solution (stock solution) before dilution
\(V_1:\) Volume of aqueous solution (stock solution) before dilution 
\(M_2:\) Molarity of aqueous solution (prepared solution) after dilution
\(V_2:\) Volume of aqueous solution (prepared solution) after dilution 

 
 
The diagram shows PREPARATION OF A STANDARD SOLUTION BY DILUTING AQUEOUS. 1. Determine the volume of stock solution needed. 2. Take out the calculated, VI solution using pipette. 3. Transfer the solution VI into a volumetric flask. 4. Add distilled water until the meniscus of the water nearing the calibration mark. 5. Use a dropper to add distilled water slowly until the meniscus of the water is aligned exactly at the calibration mark.5. Close the volumetric flask using a stopper and shake the flask until the solution is mixed evenly.
 
Prosedur of Preparation of Standard Solution by Diluting Aqueous Solution
1. Determine the Volume of Stock Solution Needed

\(M_1V_1=M_2V_2\)
2. Take Out the Calculated, 𝑉1V1​ Solution using Pipette

This image shows a laboratory setup with a pipette and a beaker. The beaker contains a stock solution, which is a liquid marked by a label. The pipette is inserted into the beaker and is used to draw the stock solution. The image is labeled with ‘Pipette’ pointing to the pipette, ‘Beaker’ pointing to the beaker, and ‘Stock solution’ pointing to the liquid inside the beaker. The background is light blue, and the labels are in red boxes with white text.
3. Transfer the Solution 𝑉1V1​ into A Volumetric Flask

The image shows a volumetric flask filled with a blue liquid. The flask has a flat bottom and a long, narrow neck with a marked line indicating the specific volume. There is a label pointing to the flask that reads ‘Volumetric flask.’ The background is light blue.
4. Add Distilled Water until the Meniscus of the Water Nearing the Calibration Mark

The image shows a laboratory setup with a volumetric flask being filled with distilled water from a bottle. The volumetric flask has a narrow neck and a wide base, with a calibration mark indicating the precise volume. The bottle is tilted, pouring distilled water into the flask. The background is light blue, and there are labels pointing to the ‘Calibration mark’ and ‘Distilled water.’
5. Use A Dropper to Add Distilled Water Slowly until the Meniscus of the Water is Aligned Exactly at the Calibration Mark

The image shows a laboratory dropper releasing a droplet of liquid into a conical flask. The dropper is labeled with a red tag that says ‘Dropper.’ The conical flask is partially filled with a blue liquid. The background is light blue, and there are faint horizontal lines suggesting a notebook page.
6. Close the Volumetric Flask using A Stopper and Shake the Flask until the Solution is Mixed Evenly

The image shows a conical flask filled with a blue liquid. The flask is sealed with a red stopper, which is labeled with the word ‘Stopper.’ The background is light blue, and the image has a clean, cartoonish style.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The views expressed in the notes here are those of the contributor and don’t necessarily represent the views of pandai.
Chapter : Acids, Bases and Salts
Topic : Solve numerical problems involving preparation of standard solutions and dilution
Form 4 Chemistry
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