Chemical Properties of Acids and Alkalis

6.4

Chemical Properties of Acids and Alkalis

Investigating the Chemical Properties of Acids

The Reaction of an Acid with a Base Produces Salt and Water

Reaction of Hydrochloric Acid with Sodium Hydroxide

\(HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) \rightarrow NaCl(aq) + H_2O(l)\)

The Reaction of an Acid with a Reactive Metal Produces Salt and Hydrogen Gas

Reaction of Hydrochloric Acid with Zinc

\(2HCl(aq) + Zn(s) \rightarrow ZnCl_2(aq) + H_2(g)\)

The Reaction of an Acid with a Metal Carbonate Produces Salt, Water and Carbon Dioxide

Reaction of Hydrochloric Acid with Calcium Carbonate

\(2HCl(aq) + CaCO_3(s) \rightarrow CaCl_2(aq) + H_2O(l)+ CO_2(g)\)

Chemical Properties of Alkalis

Alkali is bitter in taste and feels soapy.
Turns red litmus paper blue
The alkali has a pH value of more than 7
Alkali reacts with an acid to produce salt and water.
When alkali is heated with ammonia salt, it produces ammonia gas.

Investigating the Chemical Properties of Alkalis

The Reaction of an Akali with an Acid Produces Salt and Water

Reaction of Potassium Hydroxide with Sulfuric Acid

\(2KOH(aq) + H_2SO_4(aq) \rightarrow K_2SO_4(aq) + 2H_2O(l)\)

The Reaction of Alkali with an Ammonium Salt Produces Salt, Water and Ammonia Gas

Reaction of Potassium Hydroxide with Ammonium Chloride

\(KOH(aq) + NH_4Cl(aq) \rightarrow KCl(aq) + H_2O(l) + NH_3(g)\)

The Reaction of Alkali with a Metal Ion Produces Insoluble Metal Hydroxide and Cation of the Alkali

Reaction of Sodium Hydroxide with Magnesium Ion

\(2NaOH(aq) + Mg^{2+}(aq) \rightarrow Mg(OH)_2(aq) + 2Na^+(aq)\)