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Explain the strength of an acid and an alkali based on its degree of dissociation in water
Strength of Acids and Alkalis
6.3
Strengths of Acids and Akalis
Degree of Dissociation
The strength of an acid or an alkali depends on the degree of dissociation in water (also known as the degree of ionisation).
Both acid and alkali can be divided into two, either strong or weak.
These all depend on the degree of dissociation in water.
Strong Acid
Definition
A strong acid is a chemical substance that can dissociate completely in water to form freely moving hydrogen ions,
\(H^+\)
.
Example of Strong Acids
Weak Acid
Definition
A weak acid is a chemical substance that only dissociates partially in the water to form hydrogen ion,
\(H^+\)
.
Example of Weak Acids
Strong Alkali
Definition
A strong alkali is a chemical substance that dissociates completely in water to produce hydroxide ion,
\(OH^-\)
.
Example of Strong Alkalis
Sodium hydroxide,
\(NaOH\)
Potassium hydroxide,
\(KOH\)
Weak Alkali
Definition
A weak alkali is a chemical substance that dissociates partially in water to produce hydroxide ion,
\(OH^-\)
.
Example of Weak Alkalis
Calcium hydroxide,
\(Ca(OH)_2\)
Aqueous ammonium,
\(NH_4OH\)
Strength of Acids and Alkalis
6.3
Strengths of Acids and Akalis
Degree of Dissociation
The strength of an acid or an alkali depends on the degree of dissociation in water (also known as the degree of ionisation).
Both acid and alkali can be divided into two, either strong or weak.
These all depend on the degree of dissociation in water.
Strong Acid
Definition
A strong acid is a chemical substance that can dissociate completely in water to form freely moving hydrogen ions,
\(H^+\)
.
Example of Strong Acids
Weak Acid
Definition
A weak acid is a chemical substance that only dissociates partially in the water to form hydrogen ion,
\(H^+\)
.
Example of Weak Acids
Strong Alkali
Definition
A strong alkali is a chemical substance that dissociates completely in water to produce hydroxide ion,
\(OH^-\)
.
Example of Strong Alkalis
Sodium hydroxide,
\(NaOH\)
Potassium hydroxide,
\(KOH\)
Weak Alkali
Definition
A weak alkali is a chemical substance that dissociates partially in water to produce hydroxide ion,
\(OH^-\)
.
Example of Weak Alkalis
Calcium hydroxide,
\(Ca(OH)_2\)
Aqueous ammonium,
\(NH_4OH\)
Chapter : Acids, Bases and Salts
Topic : Explain the strength of an acid and an alkali based on its degree of dissociation in water
Form 4
Chemistry
View all notes for Chemistry Form 4
Related notes
The Role of Water in Showing Acidic and Alkaline Properties
pH Value
Chemical Properties of Acids and Alkalis
Concentration of Aqueous Solutions
Standard Solution
Neutralisation
Salts, Crystals and Their Uses in Daily Life
Preparation of Salts
Effect of Heat on Salts
Qualitative Analysis
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