• The Earth inhibited by millions organisms of different species.Many organisms are not found yet and identified their species
• Local name for an organism is not the same based on the regions and countries
• Hence,a scientific method of classification and nomenclature is required to ease research and communication as well as for reference at international level
• In the current classification system,all identified organisms are classified into six Kingdom.

A field in biology which involves the classification, identification and naming of organisms in an organised manner.

Manage information and data which has been collected using a systematic and methodical approach to elucidate the scientific community.

• All organisms in the world can be categorised into six kingdoms which are:
  • Archaebacteria.
  • Eubacteria.
  • Protista.
  • Fungi.
  • Plantae.
  • Animalia.
• The organisms are classified based on types of cells, number of cells and types of nutrition.

• Prokaryote.
• Unicellular organism.
• Autotroph or heterotroph.

• Prokaryote.
• Unicellular organism.
• Autotroph or heterotroph.

• Eukaryote.
• Unicellular or multicellular organism.
• Autotroph or heterotroph.

• Eukaryote.
• Unicellular or multicellular organism.
• Heterotroph.

• Eukaryote.
• Multicellular organism.
• Autotroph.

• Eukaryote.
• Unicellular or multicellular organism.
• Heterotroph.

• Is a prokaryote organism.
• Unicellular organisms.
• Do not have a nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles.
• Live in various habitats and extreme habitats such as anaerobic, high salt. concentration and high-temperature environments.
• Carry out anaerobic respiration.
• Do not sensitive to antibiotic.
• Carry out asexual reproduction such as binary fission and budding.
• Examples: methanogens, halophiles, thermophiles.

• Is a prokaryote organism.
• Unicellular organisms.
• Do not have a nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles.
• Have cell wall.
• Divided into gram-positive and gram-negative.
• Can carry out aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration and fermentation.
• Sensitive to antibiotic.
• Certain bacteria can carry out photosynthesis.
• Carry out sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction such as binary fission and formation of spores.
• Examples of bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Streptococcus sp., Lactobacillus sp. and others.

• Is a eukaryote organism.
• Unicellular organisms or a multicellular organisms.
• Have nucleus and membranous organelles.
• Lives in aquatic habitats.
• Divided into algae and protozoa.
• Carry out aerobic respiration.
• Only algae can carry out photosynthesis.
• Carry out sexual reproduction by conjugation and asexual reproduction such as binary fission and budding.
• Examples: Ameoba sp., Paramecium sp., Euglena sp., Sprigyra sp., Chlamydomonas sp. and others.

• Is a eukaryote organism.
• Unicellular organisms and multicellular organisms
• Have nucleus and membranous organelles
• Live in various habitat
• Carry out aerobic respiration and fermentation
• Do not carry out photosynthesis
• As saprophytes or parasites
• Carry out sexual reproduction by conjugation and asexual reproduction such as budding and formation of spores
• The body is made up of a thread-like network of hyphae called the mycelium.
• Examples: fungi, yeast, mushrooms and other.

• Is a eukaryote organism.
• Multicellular organisms.
• Have nucleus and membrane organelles.
• Live in various habitats.
• Carry out aerobic respiration and fermentation.
• Can carry out photosynthesis.
• Carry out sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction such as vegetative growth.
• Examples: ferns, pine trees, monocotyledonous plants, eudicot and others.

• Multicellular organisms.
• Have nucleus and membrane organelles.
• Live in various habitats.
• Carry out aerobic respiration.
• Can carry out fermentation for certain tissues.
• Do not carry out photosynthesis.
• Carry out sexual reproduction.
• Some organisms can carry out asexual reproduction such as budding, regeneration, fragmentation and parthenogenesis.
• Examples: corals, jellyfish, worms, starfish, spiders, insects, fish, reptiles, birds, mammals and others.

• The hierarchy system used in taxonomy is the Linnaeus hierarchy system.
• The Linnaeus hierarchy system classifies organisms according to hierarchy, starting from species to domain.
• The orders of the hierarchy are domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species.
  • Domain:
    • The highest taxonomic rank of organisms in the hierarchical biological classification system.
  • Spesies: The most specific hierarchy of classification.

• The formal system of naming organisms practised today is called the Linnaeus binomial system.
• Scientific method.
• In italics or underlined separately.
• Two Latin names:
  • The first name is genus and starts with a capital letter
  • The name given is based on genetic relation
  • The second name is species and starts with a small letter
  • The name given is based on scientist name ,place of discovery and characteristics
• The method to write write the scientific name of an organism is as shown below:
  • ​​​​​​​Each scientific name consists of two words: the first word is the name of the genus, the second word is the name of the species.
  • The first letter of the genus is capitalised while the name of the species is not.
  • All scientific names must be printed in italics. If handwritten, the two names must be underlined separately.
• The example on how to write scientific names is as shown belows:

• A tool used by taxonomists to identify organisms based on similarities and differences.

• Determine a particular characteristics which can classify a group of organisms into two categories
• Divide the organisms of the same category into another two categories until each organism is identified
• The number of steps required to classify organisms is the number of organisms (m) required to be identified minus one, that is m-1.

• The Earth inhibited by millions organisms of different species.Many organisms are not found yet and identified their species
• Local name for an organism is not the same based on the regions and countries
• Hence,a scientific method of classification and nomenclature is required to ease research and communication as well as for reference at international level
• In the current classification system,all identified organisms are classified into six Kingdom.

A field in biology which involves the classification, identification and naming of organisms in an organised manner.

Manage information and data which has been collected using a systematic and methodical approach to elucidate the scientific community.

• All organisms in the world can be categorised into six kingdoms which are:
  • Archaebacteria.
  • Eubacteria.
  • Protista.
  • Fungi.
  • Plantae.
  • Animalia.
• The organisms are classified based on types of cells, number of cells and types of nutrition.

• Prokaryote.
• Unicellular organism.
• Autotroph or heterotroph.

• Prokaryote.
• Unicellular organism.
• Autotroph or heterotroph.

• Eukaryote.
• Unicellular or multicellular organism.
• Autotroph or heterotroph.

• Eukaryote.
• Unicellular or multicellular organism.
• Heterotroph.

• Eukaryote.
• Multicellular organism.
• Autotroph.

• Eukaryote.
• Unicellular or multicellular organism.
• Heterotroph.

• Is a prokaryote organism.
• Unicellular organisms.
• Do not have a nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles.
• Live in various habitats and extreme habitats such as anaerobic, high salt. concentration and high-temperature environments.
• Carry out anaerobic respiration.
• Do not sensitive to antibiotic.
• Carry out asexual reproduction such as binary fission and budding.
• Examples: methanogens, halophiles, thermophiles.

• Is a prokaryote organism.
• Unicellular organisms.
• Do not have a nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles.
• Have cell wall.
• Divided into gram-positive and gram-negative.
• Can carry out aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration and fermentation.
• Sensitive to antibiotic.
• Certain bacteria can carry out photosynthesis.
• Carry out sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction such as binary fission and formation of spores.
• Examples of bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Streptococcus sp., Lactobacillus sp. and others.

• Is a eukaryote organism.
• Unicellular organisms or a multicellular organisms.
• Have nucleus and membranous organelles.
• Lives in aquatic habitats.
• Divided into algae and protozoa.
• Carry out aerobic respiration.
• Only algae can carry out photosynthesis.
• Carry out sexual reproduction by conjugation and asexual reproduction such as binary fission and budding.
• Examples: Ameoba sp., Paramecium sp., Euglena sp., Sprigyra sp., Chlamydomonas sp. and others.

• Is a eukaryote organism.
• Unicellular organisms and multicellular organisms
• Have nucleus and membranous organelles
• Live in various habitat
• Carry out aerobic respiration and fermentation
• Do not carry out photosynthesis
• As saprophytes or parasites
• Carry out sexual reproduction by conjugation and asexual reproduction such as budding and formation of spores
• The body is made up of a thread-like network of hyphae called the mycelium.
• Examples: fungi, yeast, mushrooms and other.

• Is a eukaryote organism.
• Multicellular organisms.
• Have nucleus and membrane organelles.
• Live in various habitats.
• Carry out aerobic respiration and fermentation.
• Can carry out photosynthesis.
• Carry out sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction such as vegetative growth.
• Examples: ferns, pine trees, monocotyledonous plants, eudicot and others.

• Multicellular organisms.
• Have nucleus and membrane organelles.
• Live in various habitats.
• Carry out aerobic respiration.
• Can carry out fermentation for certain tissues.
• Do not carry out photosynthesis.
• Carry out sexual reproduction.
• Some organisms can carry out asexual reproduction such as budding, regeneration, fragmentation and parthenogenesis.
• Examples: corals, jellyfish, worms, starfish, spiders, insects, fish, reptiles, birds, mammals and others.

• The hierarchy system used in taxonomy is the Linnaeus hierarchy system.
• The Linnaeus hierarchy system classifies organisms according to hierarchy, starting from species to domain.
• The orders of the hierarchy are domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species.
  • Domain:
    • The highest taxonomic rank of organisms in the hierarchical biological classification system.
  • Spesies: The most specific hierarchy of classification.

• The formal system of naming organisms practised today is called the Linnaeus binomial system.
• Scientific method.
• In italics or underlined separately.
• Two Latin names:
  • The first name is genus and starts with a capital letter
  • The name given is based on genetic relation
  • The second name is species and starts with a small letter
  • The name given is based on scientist name ,place of discovery and characteristics
• The method to write write the scientific name of an organism is as shown below:
  • ​​​​​​​Each scientific name consists of two words: the first word is the name of the genus, the second word is the name of the species.
  • The first letter of the genus is capitalised while the name of the species is not.
  • All scientific names must be printed in italics. If handwritten, the two names must be underlined separately.
• The example on how to write scientific names is as shown belows:

• A tool used by taxonomists to identify organisms based on similarities and differences.

• Determine a particular characteristics which can classify a group of organisms into two categories
• Divide the organisms of the same category into another two categories until each organism is identified
• The number of steps required to classify organisms is the number of organisms (m) required to be identified minus one, that is m-1.