World of Microorganisms

1.1 World of Microorganisms
 
Classification of Microorganisms.
 
Classification of microorganisms
Bacteria Characteristic
Size 0.2 µm - 10 µm 
Shape Coccus, bacillus, spirilla, vibrio
Nutrition Autotrophic, saprophytic, parasitic
Habitat Air, water, soil, food, bodies of other organisms
Reproduction

Asexual: binary fission

Sexual: conjugation

Example Bacillus sp., Vibro sp.
Fungi Characteristic
Size 10 µm - 100 µm
Shape Spherical, filamentous
Nutrition Saprophytes, parasitic
Habitat Places with decaying matter, faeces, animal skin and food
Reproduction

Asexual: budding, spore formation

Sexual: conjugation

Example Mushroom, yeast
Protozoa Characteristic
Size 5 µm - 250 µm
Shape Spherical, spindle-shaped, irregular shaped
Nutrition Saprophytic, parasitic
Habitat Aquatic habitats, damp place, bodies of living organisms
Reproduction

Asexual: binary fission

Sexual: conjugation

Example Paramecium sp., Ameoba sp
Virus Characteristic
Size 0.02 µm - 0.4 µm
Shape Spherical, helical, polyhedral, complex
Nutrition -
Habitat Lives in living host cells, forming crystals outside living cells
Reproduction -
Example Virus influenza A
Algae Characteristic
Size 1 µm - 100 µm
Shape Spherical, oval-shaped, filamentous
Nutrition Autotrophic
Habitat Aquatic habitats, damp place
Reproduction

Asexual: binary fission, spore formation

Sexual: conjugation

Example

Chlamydomonus sp. 

Spirogyra sp.

 
Factors that affect the growth of microorganisms
Factor Explanation
Humidity
  • Damp conditions promote the growth and reproduction of microorganisms.
  • In dry condition, some bacteria will form cyst or spores
Light
  • Microorganisms with chlorophyll prefer light condition.
  • Fungi and few bacteria prefer dark condition.
  • Exposure to UV light can kill microorganisms.
Temperature
  • Most microorganisms prefer 35 °C - 40 °C.
  • Low temperature in refrigerator reduce growth rate of microorganisms.
  • High temperature can kill microorganisms.
pH value
  • Optimum pH for most microorganisms is pH 7.
  • Some microorganism can live in environment with slightly acidic or alkaline.
Nutrient
  • The growth rate of microorganisms depends on amount of nutrients.

 

 

World of Microorganisms

1.1 World of Microorganisms
 
Classification of Microorganisms.
 
Classification of microorganisms
Bacteria Characteristic
Size 0.2 µm - 10 µm 
Shape Coccus, bacillus, spirilla, vibrio
Nutrition Autotrophic, saprophytic, parasitic
Habitat Air, water, soil, food, bodies of other organisms
Reproduction

Asexual: binary fission

Sexual: conjugation

Example Bacillus sp., Vibro sp.
Fungi Characteristic
Size 10 µm - 100 µm
Shape Spherical, filamentous
Nutrition Saprophytes, parasitic
Habitat Places with decaying matter, faeces, animal skin and food
Reproduction

Asexual: budding, spore formation

Sexual: conjugation

Example Mushroom, yeast
Protozoa Characteristic
Size 5 µm - 250 µm
Shape Spherical, spindle-shaped, irregular shaped
Nutrition Saprophytic, parasitic
Habitat Aquatic habitats, damp place, bodies of living organisms
Reproduction

Asexual: binary fission

Sexual: conjugation

Example Paramecium sp., Ameoba sp
Virus Characteristic
Size 0.02 µm - 0.4 µm
Shape Spherical, helical, polyhedral, complex
Nutrition -
Habitat Lives in living host cells, forming crystals outside living cells
Reproduction -
Example Virus influenza A
Algae Characteristic
Size 1 µm - 100 µm
Shape Spherical, oval-shaped, filamentous
Nutrition Autotrophic
Habitat Aquatic habitats, damp place
Reproduction

Asexual: binary fission, spore formation

Sexual: conjugation

Example

Chlamydomonus sp. 

Spirogyra sp.

 
Factors that affect the growth of microorganisms
Factor Explanation
Humidity
  • Damp conditions promote the growth and reproduction of microorganisms.
  • In dry condition, some bacteria will form cyst or spores
Light
  • Microorganisms with chlorophyll prefer light condition.
  • Fungi and few bacteria prefer dark condition.
  • Exposure to UV light can kill microorganisms.
Temperature
  • Most microorganisms prefer 35 °C - 40 °C.
  • Low temperature in refrigerator reduce growth rate of microorganisms.
  • High temperature can kill microorganisms.
pH value
  • Optimum pH for most microorganisms is pH 7.
  • Some microorganism can live in environment with slightly acidic or alkaline.
Nutrient
  • The growth rate of microorganisms depends on amount of nutrients.

 

 

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