Ionic and Covalent Compounds

Ionic and Covalent Compounds

5.7

Ionic and Covalent Compounds

Example of Ionic and Covalent Compounds
Ionic Compound	Covalent Compound
Salt	Ice

Properties of Ionic Compound

Ionic bond
- Strong bond due to the electrostatic force.
- The ions are arranged in orderly manners.

Propeties of Covalent Compounds

Covalent bond
- The covalent compound consists of simple molecules.
- The intermolecular force is weak.

The Difference between Physical Properties of Ionic Compound and Covalent Compound
Ionic Compound	Covalent Compound
Volatility
Non- volatile	Volatile, can change to vapour when heated
Electrical Conductivity
Conduct electricity in the molten or aqueous state	Does not conduct electricity
Solubility
Soluble in water, and polar solvent but insoluble in the organic solvent	Soluble in the organic solvent, but insoluble in water
Melting and Boiling Point
High	Low

The Difference between The Simple Molecular Structure and Giant Molecular Structure in Covalent Compounds
Simple Molecule	Component	Giant Molecule
Water, \(H_2O\) Carbon dioxide, \(CO_2\)	Example	Silicone dioxide, \(SiO_2\)
Small and simple structures can be found in the form of solids, liquids or gases.	Structure	Very large structure, usually exists as solids.
Covalent bonds are strong in the molecules and Van der Waals attraction forces between molecules are weak.	Chemical Bond	Strong covalent bonds in the molecules only. No Van der Waals attraction forces between molecules because of its giant structure.
Low because only little heat is required to overcome the weak Van der Waals attraction forces between molecules.	Melting Point and Boiling Point	High because a lot of heat is required to break the strong covalent bonds.

The diagram shows USES OF COVALENT COMPOUNDS IN OUR DAILY LIVES. 1. Paint contains covalent compounds such as pigment and turpentine solvent. 2. Pesticides used to kill weeds and insects contain covalent compounds such as bromoethane, C2H5 Br and chloropicrin, CCI3NO2. 3. C8 H9 NO2 is a covalent compound used to treat fevers and irritation. 4. Glycerol, C3H5(OH)3 is a covalent compound added to skincare products to moisturise skin and help to prevent dry skin.

Ionic and Covalent Compounds

5.7

Ionic and Covalent Compounds

Example of Ionic and Covalent Compounds
Ionic Compound	Covalent Compound
Salt	Ice

Properties of Ionic Compound

Ionic bond
- Strong bond due to the electrostatic force.
- The ions are arranged in orderly manners.

Propeties of Covalent Compounds

Covalent bond
- The covalent compound consists of simple molecules.
- The intermolecular force is weak.

The Difference between Physical Properties of Ionic Compound and Covalent Compound
Ionic Compound	Covalent Compound
Volatility
Non- volatile	Volatile, can change to vapour when heated
Electrical Conductivity
Conduct electricity in the molten or aqueous state	Does not conduct electricity
Solubility
Soluble in water, and polar solvent but insoluble in the organic solvent	Soluble in the organic solvent, but insoluble in water
Melting and Boiling Point
High	Low

The Difference between The Simple Molecular Structure and Giant Molecular Structure in Covalent Compounds
Simple Molecule	Component	Giant Molecule
Water, \(H_2O\) Carbon dioxide, \(CO_2\)	Example	Silicone dioxide, \(SiO_2\)
Small and simple structures can be found in the form of solids, liquids or gases.	Structure	Very large structure, usually exists as solids.
Covalent bonds are strong in the molecules and Van der Waals attraction forces between molecules are weak.	Chemical Bond	Strong covalent bonds in the molecules only. No Van der Waals attraction forces between molecules because of its giant structure.
Low because only little heat is required to overcome the weak Van der Waals attraction forces between molecules.	Melting Point and Boiling Point	High because a lot of heat is required to break the strong covalent bonds.

The diagram shows USES OF COVALENT COMPOUNDS IN OUR DAILY LIVES. 1. Paint contains covalent compounds such as pigment and turpentine solvent. 2. Pesticides used to kill weeds and insects contain covalent compounds such as bromoethane, C2H5 Br and chloropicrin, CCI3NO2. 3. C8 H9 NO2 is a covalent compound used to treat fevers and irritation. 4. Glycerol, C3H5(OH)3 is a covalent compound added to skincare products to moisturise skin and help to prevent dry skin.