Covalent Bond

5.3

Covalent Bond

Formation of Covalent Bond

The formation of the covalent bond only happens when both of the atoms combined are non-metals.
The elements in group 14, 15, 16, 17 are non-metals.
The formation of the covalent bond can happen either between the same or different atoms.
The covalent bond is formed from the sharing of electrons.

Types of Covalent Bond	Explaination
Single bond	One pair of electrons shared between two atoms.
Double bond	Two pairs of electrons shared between two atoms.
Triple bond	Three pairs of electrons shared between two atoms.

Formation of Covalent Bond

Formation of Single Bond

The formation of a covalent bond happens when the electrons were shared between the atoms.
A single covalent bond is formed when a pair of electrons being shared.
The sharing of electrons is to make sure the atoms are able to reach the stable duplet or octet electron arrangement.
Below shows how the formation of the single covalent bond between 2 atoms, \(H_2O\) as below:

The diagram shows the formation of the single covalent bond between 2 atoms, H2O.

Formation of Double Covalent Bond

The double covalent bond is formed when the two non-metal atoms are combined, in order to reach the stable octet electron arrangement.
A double covalent bond means two pairs of electrons are shared between the atoms.
Usually, the atoms that form double bonds has 6 valence electrons.
Below shows the formation of a double covalent bond between two oxygen atoms, \(O_2\):

The diagram shows the formation of a double covalent bond between two oxygen atoms.

Formation of Triple Covalent Bond

A triple bond is formed when two atoms share three pairs of electrons.
Below shows the formation of a triple bond between two nitrogen atoms, \(N_2\):

The diagram shows the formation of a triple bond between two nitrogen atoms.

Comparison between Ionic Bond and Covalent Bond
Similarities
Involve valence electrons only. Atoms achieve stable octet or duplet electron arrangement.
Differemce
Ionic Bond	Covalent Bond
Transfer of electrons	Sharing of electrons
Between metal atoms and non-metal atoms	Between non-metal atoms
Forms a positively-charged ion and a negatively-charged ion	Forms a molecules

5.3

Covalent Bond

Formation of Covalent Bond

The formation of the covalent bond only happens when both of the atoms combined are non-metals.
The elements in group 14, 15, 16, 17 are non-metals.
The formation of the covalent bond can happen either between the same or different atoms.
The covalent bond is formed from the sharing of electrons.

Types of Covalent Bond	Explaination
Single bond	One pair of electrons shared between two atoms.
Double bond	Two pairs of electrons shared between two atoms.
Triple bond	Three pairs of electrons shared between two atoms.

Formation of Covalent Bond

Formation of Single Bond

The formation of a covalent bond happens when the electrons were shared between the atoms.
A single covalent bond is formed when a pair of electrons being shared.
The sharing of electrons is to make sure the atoms are able to reach the stable duplet or octet electron arrangement.
Below shows how the formation of the single covalent bond between 2 atoms, \(H_2O\) as below:

The diagram shows the formation of the single covalent bond between 2 atoms, H2O.

Formation of Double Covalent Bond

The double covalent bond is formed when the two non-metal atoms are combined, in order to reach the stable octet electron arrangement.
A double covalent bond means two pairs of electrons are shared between the atoms.
Usually, the atoms that form double bonds has 6 valence electrons.
Below shows the formation of a double covalent bond between two oxygen atoms, \(O_2\):

The diagram shows the formation of a double covalent bond between two oxygen atoms.

Formation of Triple Covalent Bond

A triple bond is formed when two atoms share three pairs of electrons.
Below shows the formation of a triple bond between two nitrogen atoms, \(N_2\):

The diagram shows the formation of a triple bond between two nitrogen atoms.

Comparison between Ionic Bond and Covalent Bond
Similarities
Involve valence electrons only. Atoms achieve stable octet or duplet electron arrangement.
Differemce
Ionic Bond	Covalent Bond
Transfer of electrons	Sharing of electrons
Between metal atoms and non-metal atoms	Between non-metal atoms
Forms a positively-charged ion and a negatively-charged ion	Forms a molecules