Ionic and Covalent Compounds

 
5.7  Ionic and Covalent Compounds
 
Example of Ionic and Covalent Compounds
Ionic Compound Covalent Compound
Salt Ice 
 
Properties of Ionic Compound
  • Ionic bond
    • Strong bond due to the electrostatic force.
    • The ions are arranged in orderly manners.
 
Propeties of Covalent Compounds
  • Covalent bond
    • The covalent compound consists of simple molecules.
    • The intermolecular force is weak.
 
The Difference between Physical Properties of Ionic Compound and Covalent Compound
Ionic Compound Covalent Compound
Volatility
Non- volatile Volatile, can change to vapour when heated
Electrical Conductivity
Conduct electricity in the molten or aqueous state Does not conduct electricity
Solubility
Soluble in water, and polar solvent but insoluble in the organic solvent Soluble in the organic solvent, but insoluble in water
Melting and Boiling Point
High Low
 
The Difference between The Simple Molecular Structure and Giant Molecular Structure in Covalent Compounds
Simple Molecule Component Giant Molecule
  • Water, \(H_2O\)
  • Carbon dioxide, \(CO_2\)
Example
  • Silicone dioxide, \(SiO_2\)
  • Small and simple structures can be found in the form of solids, liquids or gases.
Structure
  • Very large structure, usually exists as solids.
  • Covalent bonds are strong in the molecules and Van der Waals attraction forces between molecules are weak.
Chemical Bond
  • Strong covalent bonds in the molecules only.
  • No Van der Waals attraction forces between molecules because of its giant structure.
  • Low because only little heat is required to overcome the weak Van der Waals attraction forces between molecules.
Melting Point and Boiling Point
  • High because a lot of heat is required to break the strong covalent bonds.
 
The image contains a diagram with four blue banners, each numbered from 1 to 4, describing different uses of ionic compounds in daily life. Below the banners, there is a title that reads ‘USES OF IONIC COMPOUNDS IN OUR DAILY LIVES’ and a logo of ‘Pandai’ in the bottom right corner. 1. The first banner states that lithium iodide (LiI) is used in batteries. 2. The second banner mentions that ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and potassium chloride (KCl) are used in fertilizers. 3. The third banner indicates that sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is used to relieve gastric pain. 4. The fourth banner explains that detergents contain sodium chlorate (V) NaClO3, which is used for domestic cleaning.
 
The diagram shows USES OF COVALENT COMPOUNDS IN OUR DAILY LIVES. 1. Paint contains covalent compounds such as pigment and turpentine solvent. 2. Pesticides used to kill weeds and insects contain covalent compounds such as bromoethane, C2H5 Br and chloropicrin, CCI3NO2. 3. C8 H9 NO2 is a covalent compound used to treat fevers and irritation. 4. Glycerol, C3H5(OH)3 is a covalent compound added to skincare products to moisturise skin and help to prevent dry skin.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ionic and Covalent Compounds

 
5.7  Ionic and Covalent Compounds
 
Example of Ionic and Covalent Compounds
Ionic Compound Covalent Compound
Salt Ice 
 
Properties of Ionic Compound
  • Ionic bond
    • Strong bond due to the electrostatic force.
    • The ions are arranged in orderly manners.
 
Propeties of Covalent Compounds
  • Covalent bond
    • The covalent compound consists of simple molecules.
    • The intermolecular force is weak.
 
The Difference between Physical Properties of Ionic Compound and Covalent Compound
Ionic Compound Covalent Compound
Volatility
Non- volatile Volatile, can change to vapour when heated
Electrical Conductivity
Conduct electricity in the molten or aqueous state Does not conduct electricity
Solubility
Soluble in water, and polar solvent but insoluble in the organic solvent Soluble in the organic solvent, but insoluble in water
Melting and Boiling Point
High Low
 
The Difference between The Simple Molecular Structure and Giant Molecular Structure in Covalent Compounds
Simple Molecule Component Giant Molecule
  • Water, \(H_2O\)
  • Carbon dioxide, \(CO_2\)
Example
  • Silicone dioxide, \(SiO_2\)
  • Small and simple structures can be found in the form of solids, liquids or gases.
Structure
  • Very large structure, usually exists as solids.
  • Covalent bonds are strong in the molecules and Van der Waals attraction forces between molecules are weak.
Chemical Bond
  • Strong covalent bonds in the molecules only.
  • No Van der Waals attraction forces between molecules because of its giant structure.
  • Low because only little heat is required to overcome the weak Van der Waals attraction forces between molecules.
Melting Point and Boiling Point
  • High because a lot of heat is required to break the strong covalent bonds.
 
The image contains a diagram with four blue banners, each numbered from 1 to 4, describing different uses of ionic compounds in daily life. Below the banners, there is a title that reads ‘USES OF IONIC COMPOUNDS IN OUR DAILY LIVES’ and a logo of ‘Pandai’ in the bottom right corner. 1. The first banner states that lithium iodide (LiI) is used in batteries. 2. The second banner mentions that ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and potassium chloride (KCl) are used in fertilizers. 3. The third banner indicates that sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is used to relieve gastric pain. 4. The fourth banner explains that detergents contain sodium chlorate (V) NaClO3, which is used for domestic cleaning.
 
The diagram shows USES OF COVALENT COMPOUNDS IN OUR DAILY LIVES. 1. Paint contains covalent compounds such as pigment and turpentine solvent. 2. Pesticides used to kill weeds and insects contain covalent compounds such as bromoethane, C2H5 Br and chloropicrin, CCI3NO2. 3. C8 H9 NO2 is a covalent compound used to treat fevers and irritation. 4. Glycerol, C3H5(OH)3 is a covalent compound added to skincare products to moisturise skin and help to prevent dry skin.