Chapter 1: Kemahiran Geografi What you need to learn this chapter
What you need to learn in this chapter

In this chapter, we will be learning about directions and positions on a topographic map. We will learn how to identify the eight main cardinal directions and determine the direction of a specific location on a topographic map.

We will also study scales, distances, and areas on a topographic map. We will understand the different types of scales used in topographic maps and how to differentiate between statement scales, linear scales, and representative fractions.

Additionally, we will explore elevations and cross-sections on a topographic map. We will learn how to identify elevations based on symbols on the map and how to draw cross-sections based on contour lines.

Lastly, we will study physical and cultural landscapes on a topographic map. We will describe the characteristics of physical and cultural landscapes based on symbols on the map.

Topics in this chapter

• Mengenal pasti lapan arah mata angin utama
• Menentukan arah sesuatu lokasi dalam peta topografi
• Menggunakan rujukan grid 4 angka dan 6 angka untuk menentukan kedudukan dalam peta topografi
• Mengukur bearing grid sesuatu lokasi dalam peta topografi

• Menerangkan jenis skala dalam peta topografi
• Membezakan skala penyata, skala lurus dan pecahan wakilan
• Menunjuk cara mengukur jarak berdasarkan skala dalam peta topografi
• Menunjuk cara mengira keluasan berdasarkan skala dalam peta topografi

• Mengenal pasti ketinggian berdasarkan simbol dalam peta topografi
• Melukis keratan rentas berdasarkan garisan kontur
• Membezakan bentuk muka bumi berdasarkan keratan rentas

• Pandang Darat Fizikal dan Pandang Darat Budaya dalam Peta Topografi
• Menghuraikan ciri pandang darat fizikal dan ciri pandang darat budaya berdasarkan simbol dalam peta topografi
• Menganalisis hubung kait ciri pandang darat fizikal dengan ciri pandang darat budaya dalam peta topografi

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