The bending of a light ray at the boundary of two medium as the light ray propagates from a medium to another with difference optical density.
The speed and direction of light changes when in different medium
(Snell's law), where \(\text{i}^0\) = incidence angle, \(\text{r}^0\) = refracted angle
where c = velocity of light in air (\(3\times10^8\text{ms}^{-1}\)), v = velocity of light in a medium
where \(\text{c}^0\) = critical angle
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