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Covalent Bond

 
5.3  Covalent Bond
 
Formation of Covalent Bond
  • The formation of the covalent bond only happens when both of the atoms combined are non-metals.
  • The elements in group 14, 15, 16, 17 are non-metals.
  • The formation of the covalent bond can happen either between the same or different atoms.
  • The covalent bond is formed from the sharing of electrons.
 
The image is an educational graphic titled ‘Types of Covalent Bonds.’ It features three sections, each labeled with a number and a type of bond: 1. The first section is labeled ‘1’ and describes a ‘Single bond.’ 2. The second section is labeled ‘2’ and describes a ‘Double bond.’ 3. The third section is labeled ‘3’ and describes a ‘Triple bond.’ The background is white, and the sections are highlighted in light blue with red borders and headers. The logo ‘Pandai’ is visible in the top left corner.
 
Types of Covalent Bond Explaination
Single bond One pair of electrons shared between two atoms.
Double bond Two pairs of electrons shared between two atoms.
Triple bond Three pairs of electrons shared between two atoms.
 
Formation of Covalent Bond
Formation of Single Bond
  • The formation of a covalent bond happens when the electrons were shared between the atoms.
  • A single covalent bond is formed when a pair of electrons being shared.
  • The sharing of electrons is to make sure the atoms are able to reach the stable duplet or octet electron arrangement.
  • Below shows how the formation of the single covalent bond between 2 atoms, \(H_2O\) as below:

The diagram shows ​the formation of the single covalent bond between 2 atoms, H2O. ​

 
Formation of Double Covalent Bond
  • The double covalent bond is formed when the two non-metal atoms are combined, in order to reach the stable octet electron arrangement.
  • A double covalent bond means two pairs of electrons are shared between the atoms.
  • Usually, the atoms that form double bonds has 6 valence electrons.
  • Below shows the formation of a double covalent bond between two oxygen atoms, \(O_2\):

The diagram shows the formation of a double covalent bond between two oxygen atoms.

 
Formation of Triple Covalent Bond
  • A triple bond is formed when two atoms share three pairs of electrons.
  • Below shows the formation of a triple bond between two nitrogen atoms, \(N_2\):

The diagram shows the formation of a triple bond between two nitrogen atoms.
 
Comparison between Ionic Bond and Covalent Bond
Similarities
  • Involve valence electrons only.
  • Atoms achieve stable octet or duplet electron arrangement.
Differemce
Ionic Bond Covalent Bond
Transfer of electrons Sharing of electrons
Between metal atoms and non-metal atoms Between non-metal atoms
Forms a positively-charged ion and a negatively-charged ion Forms a molecules
 

 

 

 

 

The views expressed in the notes here are those of the contributor and don’t necessarily represent the views of pandai.

Covalent Bond

 
5.3  Covalent Bond
 
Formation of Covalent Bond
  • The formation of the covalent bond only happens when both of the atoms combined are non-metals.
  • The elements in group 14, 15, 16, 17 are non-metals.
  • The formation of the covalent bond can happen either between the same or different atoms.
  • The covalent bond is formed from the sharing of electrons.
 
The image is an educational graphic titled ‘Types of Covalent Bonds.’ It features three sections, each labeled with a number and a type of bond: 1. The first section is labeled ‘1’ and describes a ‘Single bond.’ 2. The second section is labeled ‘2’ and describes a ‘Double bond.’ 3. The third section is labeled ‘3’ and describes a ‘Triple bond.’ The background is white, and the sections are highlighted in light blue with red borders and headers. The logo ‘Pandai’ is visible in the top left corner.
 
Types of Covalent Bond Explaination
Single bond One pair of electrons shared between two atoms.
Double bond Two pairs of electrons shared between two atoms.
Triple bond Three pairs of electrons shared between two atoms.
 
Formation of Covalent Bond
Formation of Single Bond
  • The formation of a covalent bond happens when the electrons were shared between the atoms.
  • A single covalent bond is formed when a pair of electrons being shared.
  • The sharing of electrons is to make sure the atoms are able to reach the stable duplet or octet electron arrangement.
  • Below shows how the formation of the single covalent bond between 2 atoms, \(H_2O\) as below:

The diagram shows ​the formation of the single covalent bond between 2 atoms, H2O. ​

 
Formation of Double Covalent Bond
  • The double covalent bond is formed when the two non-metal atoms are combined, in order to reach the stable octet electron arrangement.
  • A double covalent bond means two pairs of electrons are shared between the atoms.
  • Usually, the atoms that form double bonds has 6 valence electrons.
  • Below shows the formation of a double covalent bond between two oxygen atoms, \(O_2\):

The diagram shows the formation of a double covalent bond between two oxygen atoms.

 
Formation of Triple Covalent Bond
  • A triple bond is formed when two atoms share three pairs of electrons.
  • Below shows the formation of a triple bond between two nitrogen atoms, \(N_2\):

The diagram shows the formation of a triple bond between two nitrogen atoms.
 
Comparison between Ionic Bond and Covalent Bond
Similarities
  • Involve valence electrons only.
  • Atoms achieve stable octet or duplet electron arrangement.
Differemce
Ionic Bond Covalent Bond
Transfer of electrons Sharing of electrons
Between metal atoms and non-metal atoms Between non-metal atoms
Forms a positively-charged ion and a negatively-charged ion Forms a molecules
 

 

 

 

 

The views expressed in the notes here are those of the contributor and don’t necessarily represent the views of pandai.
Chapter : Chemical Bonds
Topic : Comparing ionic and covalent bonds
Form 4 Chemistry
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