• Something that has mass and occupies space.
• Consists of particles that are tiny and discrete.
• Can exist in three states, namely solid, liquid and gas.

•  Matter can be divided into two;
  • Element
  • Compound
• Element
  • Substances that only consist of one type of atom, such as pure iron metal.
• Compound
  • Substances that consist of more than one element that form a molecule.
  • A compound is made up of either molecules or ions.
  • An example of a compound is carbon dioxide, \(CO_2\) where there are two types of elements in one molecule. 
• Atom
  • Smallest and indivisible particles of an element. 
• Molecule
  • Compound made up of two or more atoms (different or same kind of atoms). 
• Ion: particles that carry charges [cation(+) or anion(-)]. 

Solid

Liquid

Gas

• Solid is heated, the particles obtain energy and vibrate at a faster rate.
• The vibration keeps increasing as the temperature increase until it reaches the melting point.
• At the melting point, the particles obtain enough energy to overcome the attractive forces between the particles.
• Therefore, the matter in solid state changes to a liquid.
• During melting, the temperature remains constant.This is because the heat energy is used to break the bond.

• Occurs in two conditions: either evaporation or boiling.
• Evaporation occurs only on the surface of the liquid and at a slower rate. 
• Boiling occurs to the whole liquid and happens very fast. 
• Both will cause the attractive forces between particles to break and change the state from liquid to gas.

• Temperature drops and the heat energy is released.
• As the heat is released, the kinetic energy decreases, the movement of particles are slower and the particles are pulled closer by the strong forces between particles.
• Therefore, the physical state of the matter will change from liquid to solid.
• The temperature stays at the freezing point because the heat is released constantly.

• A process by which a gas or vapour changes to liquid state at a certain temperature.
• When the temperature drops, the gas loses its kinetic energy, and therefore it will change the physical state of matter to the liquid.
• Condensation occurs at or below the boiling point of the substance.

• A process of conversion of a substance from the solid to the vapour state without its becoming liquid.

• The particle are very closely packed together in an orderly manner
• The force between the particles is very strong.

• The naphthalene is heated the energy is converted to kinetic energy
• The temperature increase, the kinetic energy increase and the molecules vibrate faster about their fixed position.

• The naphthalene molecules have received enough energy to overcome the force of attraction between them.
• Some of the molecules begin to move freely.
• The naphthalene starts to melt and changes into a liquid.

• Naphthalene exists in both state, solid and liquid.
• The temperature remains constant because the heat is used to overcome the force of attraction.
• The constant temperature is called the melting point.

• The napthalene has turned into liquid completely

• The naphthalene is in the liquid state
• The temperature keeps increasing and gain more energy.
• The particle is then moving faster because the kinetic energy is increasing.

• The substance exists in the gaseous state
• Have very high energy and moving randomly
• The intermolecular force is weak.

• The particles lose kinetic energy during cooling,
• The particle getting closer to each other and the temperature drops.

• The substance is still in the gas state
• The gas begins to condense and become liquid.

• Stronger bonds form as gas change into a liquid.
• The substances exist both in gas and liquid.
• The energy produced during the formation of bonds is equal to the heat released to the surroundings during cooling. 
• This is known as the freezing point. 

• The substances exist fully in the liquid state.

• The temperature keeps decreasing, causing the naphthalene molecules to lose heat energy.
• The movement of the particles slow down and move close to each other.

• Something that has mass and occupies space.
• Consists of particles that are tiny and discrete.
• Can exist in three states, namely solid, liquid and gas.

•  Matter can be divided into two;
  • Element
  • Compound
• Element
  • Substances that only consist of one type of atom, such as pure iron metal.
• Compound
  • Substances that consist of more than one element that form a molecule.
  • A compound is made up of either molecules or ions.
  • An example of a compound is carbon dioxide, \(CO_2\) where there are two types of elements in one molecule. 
• Atom
  • Smallest and indivisible particles of an element. 
• Molecule
  • Compound made up of two or more atoms (different or same kind of atoms). 
• Ion: particles that carry charges [cation(+) or anion(-)]. 

Solid

Liquid

Gas

• Solid is heated, the particles obtain energy and vibrate at a faster rate.
• The vibration keeps increasing as the temperature increase until it reaches the melting point.
• At the melting point, the particles obtain enough energy to overcome the attractive forces between the particles.
• Therefore, the matter in solid state changes to a liquid.
• During melting, the temperature remains constant.This is because the heat energy is used to break the bond.

• Occurs in two conditions: either evaporation or boiling.
• Evaporation occurs only on the surface of the liquid and at a slower rate. 
• Boiling occurs to the whole liquid and happens very fast. 
• Both will cause the attractive forces between particles to break and change the state from liquid to gas.

• Temperature drops and the heat energy is released.
• As the heat is released, the kinetic energy decreases, the movement of particles are slower and the particles are pulled closer by the strong forces between particles.
• Therefore, the physical state of the matter will change from liquid to solid.
• The temperature stays at the freezing point because the heat is released constantly.

• A process by which a gas or vapour changes to liquid state at a certain temperature.
• When the temperature drops, the gas loses its kinetic energy, and therefore it will change the physical state of matter to the liquid.
• Condensation occurs at or below the boiling point of the substance.

• A process of conversion of a substance from the solid to the vapour state without its becoming liquid.

• The particle are very closely packed together in an orderly manner
• The force between the particles is very strong.

• The naphthalene is heated the energy is converted to kinetic energy
• The temperature increase, the kinetic energy increase and the molecules vibrate faster about their fixed position.

• The naphthalene molecules have received enough energy to overcome the force of attraction between them.
• Some of the molecules begin to move freely.
• The naphthalene starts to melt and changes into a liquid.

• Naphthalene exists in both state, solid and liquid.
• The temperature remains constant because the heat is used to overcome the force of attraction.
• The constant temperature is called the melting point.

• The napthalene has turned into liquid completely

• The naphthalene is in the liquid state
• The temperature keeps increasing and gain more energy.
• The particle is then moving faster because the kinetic energy is increasing.

• The substance exists in the gaseous state
• Have very high energy and moving randomly
• The intermolecular force is weak.

• The particles lose kinetic energy during cooling,
• The particle getting closer to each other and the temperature drops.

• The substance is still in the gas state
• The gas begins to condense and become liquid.

• Stronger bonds form as gas change into a liquid.
• The substances exist both in gas and liquid.
• The energy produced during the formation of bonds is equal to the heat released to the surroundings during cooling. 
• This is known as the freezing point. 

• The substances exist fully in the liquid state.

• The temperature keeps decreasing, causing the naphthalene molecules to lose heat energy.
• The movement of the particles slow down and move close to each other.