Enzymes

Biology

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Enzymes

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Enzymes

An organic catalyst that is mostly made up of proteins and is produced by living cell organisms. Not all enzymes are synthesized from proteins

Substrate

Substances required in enzyme reactions. This substance binds to enzymes and forms an enzyme-substrate complex

Active site

Is a specific site to bind substrates to enzymes and form an enzyme-substrate complex

Enzyme nomenclature

Adding of 'ase' to the substrate

Characteristics of enzymes

Act rapidly, required in small quantities, reusable, speed up biochemical reactions, and some needs cofactors

Intracellular enzymes

Enzymes that are synthesised in a cell for ints own use

Extracellular enzymes

Enzymes that are secreted outside the cell

'Lock and key' hypothesis

The binding of a molecule substrate on an active site of enzymes is specific like a ‘lock and key’. The enzyme is represented by a ‘lock’ and the substrate is represented by a ‘key'

Factors affecting enzymatic actions

Temperature, pH, substrate concentration, and enzyme concentration

Optimum pH for enzymatic reaction

Most enzymes: pH 6-8, salivary amylase: pH 6.8, pesin: pH 1.5-2.5, trypsin: 8.5

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Enzymes

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