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| A noun is a word that functions as the name of a specific object or set of objects, such as living creatures, places, actions, qualities, states of existence, or ideas. |
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Nouns |
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A word used to name a person, place, object, or animal. |
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Types of nouns |
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Concrete |
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(i) |
Common |
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(ii) |
Proper |
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(ii) |
Gender |
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Abstract |
| (c) |
Countable and Uncountable |
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Common noun |
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A name given to every person, place, object, or animal of the same kind of group. |
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Examples: A textbook, exercise book, and sticker book are all books. |
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Proper noun |
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The name of the particular person, place, object, animal, day, or month. |
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Examples: Anisa, Selangor, Comot, and Monday. |
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Gender |
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The name of a common noun that tells us whether it is male, female, common, or neuter. |
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The table below shows the examples of concrete noun 'gender':
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Definition |
Examples |
| Masculine |
Refers to the male |
Policeman
Actor
Prince
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| Feminine |
Refers to the female |
Policewoman
Actress
Princess
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| Common |
Can be both male or female |
Teacher
Child
Neighbour
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| Neuter |
Do not have a gender or sex |
Eraser
Room
Pencil
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Abstract nouns |
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Used to describe something that cannot be seen or touched. It is used to describe qualities, states, and events, or actions. |
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Abstract nouns are used:
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To describe the quality of things and of character. |
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Example: |
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Long (adjective) : Length (abstract noun) |
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What is the length of this wire? It is 20 centimetres long. |
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To describe the state of mind, a situation, or an idea. |
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Example: |
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Angry (adjective) : Anger (abstract noun) |
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She was angry with her brother. Her anger was so great that she broke the vase. |
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To describe an action or an event. |
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Example: |
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Arrive (verb) : Arrival (abstract noun) |
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The president will arrive in Putrajaya tomorrow. There will be a small ceremony at the airport to welcome his arrival. |
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Countable nouns |
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Refer to people, objects, or animals that can be counted in numbers. There are countable singular and countable plural nouns. |
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A countable singular noun denotes one person, place, object, or animal. |
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A countable plural noun denotes more than one. |
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| 1.4 |
Spelling Plural Nouns |
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| There are different ways to spell plural nouns based on the conditions. You can refer to the table below to see the correct ways to spell the plural nouns. |
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| Conditions |
Examples |
| Add '-s' to regular words |
Boys
Pencils
Rulers
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| Add '-es' to words ending with '-s', '-sh', '-ch', or '-x' |
Buses
Brushes
Branches
Boxes
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| For special words ending with '-o', add '-es' |
Tomatoes
Potatoes
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| Add '-s' to the words ending with two vowels |
Radios
Zoos
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| Add '-s' to words ending with a vowel and '-y' |
Boys
Days
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| Change '-y' into '-ies' if the word ends with '-y' |
Lady \(\rightarrow\) Ladies
Story \(\rightarrow\) Stories
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| For some words, change the inside vowels(s) of the singular noun or the spelling |
Man \(\rightarrow\) Men
Foot \(\rightarrow\) Feet
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| For some words, add '-ren/-en' to the singular noun. |
Child \(\rightarrow\) Children
Ox \(\rightarrow\) Oxen
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Uncountable nouns |
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Refer to objects that cannot be counted in numbers. |
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- These nouns cannot take the plural form.
- Examples: water, rain, hair, oil
- However, uncountable nouns can be made into countable nouns by adding a quantifier (something to measure the object).
- Examples:
(a) a glass of water
(b) a dozen of milk
(c) a bottle of cooking oil
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